Comparing Martin Luther King Jrs Letter from a...

There are several points of similarities and differences found within Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter from a Birmingham jail and Amata Millers The many faces of social justice. One can interpret both of these essays as literature promoting equality and ending issues of racism. However, a thorough analysis of each work indicates that both authors advocate a difference approach in achieving what are similar ends. An examination of the authors respective works indicates that Millers methodology is more applicable to the author than Kings is. King Jr.s definition of social justice within his essay is civic equality between Caucasians and those of African and African American descent. This form of civic equality includes equitable access to facilities and to rights that all Americans allegedly have. Moreover, King Jr. also is alluding to and end of segregation and a full-fledged integration of the races (King Jr., 1963). He certainly advocates an end to the violence African Americans had to endure while simply asking for, and demonstrating their need to access, civic rights. The strategies that King Jr. elucidates within this document to achieve these objectives are manifold. On the one hand he calls for peaceful, non-violent tactics most noticeably in the form of civic demonstrations in which he and his adherents readily accept any violence their actions might produce without resorting to violence themselves. Violence is one of the five forms of social oppression

Literary Analysis Of The Jilting Of Granny Weatherall ...

Rachell Burns English 1302 Section 155 October 26, 2015 Symbolism in Literature Writers often use a myriad of different literary techniques to express different ideas to those who read their work. One of the most common tools authors utilize would be the use of symbols to portray an abstract meaning different from the literal interpretation of the text. This element of a story helps connect an object or idea with the greater meaning within a story through literary analysis. This helps make the moral of the story more meaningful to the specific reader. In â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall,† â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers,† and â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings,† Katherine Porter, Susan Glaspell, and Gabriel Marquez use one or more predominant symbols to enforce the integrity of the message they are trying to convey to their readers. One example of strong symbolism is in â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall,† by Katherine Porter when the author uses the color blue as a way to connect the present with dif ferent phases in the life of Granny Weatherall, the main character who comes to accept the inevitability of her own death. The color is first used to describe the, â€Å"white stone-china jars with blue whirligigs and words painted on them: coffee, tea, sugar, ginger, cinnamon, allspice,† (Porter) in the neatly kept home of her youth. The author seems to use the color to bring to life a part of Granny’s life when she was young, energetic, and kept a well-organized house. The next time the

More so than any other issue facing us we must all start to reduce our ecological footprint Free Essays

Yes, we must start to reduce our ecological footprint as developement of the world over the past 20 years has proven to be unsustainable. Meaning that we are actually living beyond our means e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on More so than any other issue facing us we must all start to reduce our ecological footprint or any similar topic only for you Order Now A quarter of all fish stocks are overharvested, Humans now use between 40% and 50% of all available freshwater running off the land and deforestation increase risks of various deadly diseases such as malaria and cholera. Our way of life is placing an increasing burden on the planet and this can certainly not be sustained. To be sustainable, nature’s resources must only be used at a rate which they can be replenished naturally. Scientific evidence shows now that humanity is living in n unsustainable way. Humans are consuming the Earth’s limited natural resources more rapidly than they are being replaced by nature. Now a human effort to keep human use of natural resources within the sustainable development aspect of the Earth’s finite resource limits is now an issue of huge importance to the present and future of humanity. â€Å"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. † As our world population increases rapidly our use of natural resources cannot go on forever and unless we start to make progress with reconciling these contradictions everybody, where ever they are will face a much less certain and secure lifestyle to the lifestyle we live in today. No, we don’t have to reduce our ecological footprint as the world we live in right now is suffering from much worse issues presently and so in dealing with the issue of the footprint brings alot of limitations. The term ecological foot print also lacks a temporal dimension. For example, safe custody, monitoring and storage of high level nuclear waste will tie up people, corporations and land for over 100,000 years. For it to be successful will require political will, social stability and unwavering purpose through those millennia. This, too, will impose its load on the planet, both directly and in terms of the opportunity cost. The â€Å"given population† in the definition above needs to be specified: is it the human population? The population of all animals? The population of all life? In my personal opinion, I agree with the concept of reducing our ecological footprint as it is seriously harmful to the world both presently and for future generations. Although I realise that there is a for and against argument for this cause, I find myself leaning more towards the Yes side of the argument because I believe we should respect this Earth not destroy it, as it is the only one we’ve got. The earth cannot be replaced and neither can all the natural resources we use up or destroy so rapidly without a moments thought to both the consequences and meaning. How to cite More so than any other issue facing us we must all start to reduce our ecological footprint, Papers

Elements of the Marketing Process for Marketing Fundamentals

Question: Discuss about theElements of the Marketing Process for Marketing Fundamentals. Answer: Harvey Norman is among the largest retailer organizations in Australia. The marketing environmental factors that have its probable impacts on this particular organization are discussed as follows and they are mainly the macro factors- Technological- This not only help Harvey Norman to built new products rather they plays an important role in the modification of the way retail organizations Due to technological betterments this organization is helping their customers to have online shopping options (Wang, Chen Chen, 2012). Legal- There were legal issues in this organization in 2007 and 2008, a number of gadgets were stolen from their outlets. This legal problem regarding theft has an impact on public relations. Apart from this the laws, regulations and governmental policies can strongly affect the retailer industry because they have to depend on the government for the roads, rail and water transportation facilities to deliver their goods or to bring the customers to their stores (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). Economic- A strong economy can increase in customers were as a inactive economy can decrease the customers and make them spend less which can guide to decline in sales and then retailers has to decrease their prices. However, in 2010, the sales of Harvey Norman have been affected in a negative way and came drastically down because of the decline in foreign currency (Guillard Roux, 2014). Sociological- As the largest retailer organization it has a huge impact on the social lives as well as in the lifestyles of the citizens in Australia. Modifications in the social values and fashion also affect the products that this company trades. Due to globalization it has been seen that the political and legal scenarios of Australian marketing environment has made it easier for the other international organizations to do their business in Australia for which the competition has been huge for Harvey Norman (Dawson, 2014). However, the best competitive advantage taken up by this organization they have the capacity to identify and route the appropriate issues quickly as well as efficiently. Harvey Norman makes decisions each day with more confidence and precision than those of their competitors. This would definitely help them in the future as well in establishing as a competitive advantage for the organization because here the attention can be on observing sales, margin, their market share, wastage and availability of resources. Moreover, due to this they are able to take control over the decision-making by having a great understanding of what can be its influences the customers behavior that they are having. This actually gi ves this organization a firm lead for associating with the suppliers, providing the advantage that this organization approaches the applicable consumer packaged goods to identify whenever they have an issue in this list. Thus, it helps them reach a solution much before a severe damage has occurred. Moreover, they apply Artificial intelligence as an important feature where they extract meaningful perceptions from apparently different datasets. As the competitive advantages are becoming very strenuous to achieve in this retailing industry, science based, artificial intelligence powered decision-making is the best option. Thus, from the above responses to parts (a) and (b) it has become very clear to me that for any retail industry the marketing environment plays a very important part. What I found is the economic factor has a major impact on the retailing business because the sales mainly depend on the countrys economy and it decides whether the organization will have a positive or negative balance sheet. However, through adopting the correct competitive advantage any organization can provide better services or products to their consumers in a lower cost than their rivals can. Thus, it can be very impactful for the employees as well as to the countries. References Dawson, J. A. (2014).The Marketing Environment (RLE Marketing)(Vol. 1). Routledge. Guillard, V., Roux, D. (2014). Macromarketing issues on the sidewalk: How gleaners and disposers(re) create a sustainable economy.Journal of Macromarketing,34(3), 291-312. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Wang, C. H., Chen, K. Y., Chen, S. C. (2012). Total quality management, market orientation and hotel performance: The moderating effects of external environmental factors.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), 119-129. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management Routledge.

Lab Report Biology Sample

Lab Report Biology Paper Though goldfish are one of the easier species f aquatic life to care for, their respiratory systems are just as complex as any other fish. Like other aquatic animals, goldfish have a one-way flow respiratory system. This means that their respiratory system pumps water through their gills and back into the water supply to absorb oxygen. Gills?which are the organs that most aquatic animals use to breatheconsist of complex filters that extract oxygen from the water. There are many factors that can affect the respiration rate of an aquatic animal including temperature of water, oxygen levels, crowding, and pH levels. When the water temperature is raised, the goldfish will experience a spike in metabolic activities. It will require more food and will produce more waste. In order to support the increased activity, the goldfish will require more oxygen. Rate of respiration will increase and the goldfish may even gasp for air at the water surface. Hypothesis: As the temperature of water decreases, respiration rate of the goldfish also decreases. This is because in lower temperature, water can hold more dissolved oxygen compared to water with higher temperature, thus rate of respiration comes slower as enough oxygen are supplied. Variables: Variables I Method of controlling I Independent variable I Temperature of waters Dependent variable I Respiration rate of the goldfish I Controlled variable I 1. Type and number offish used. * A goldfish of species Carcasses erratum is used throughout this experiment. 2. Timeshare for counting propeller movements of the goldfish. * The goldfishs propeller movements are observed during 1 minute timeshare. 3. Number and size of beakers used. * 3 beakers of volume 500 ml are used for different water temperatures. I Table 1 shows the independent, dependent and controlled variables and methods to control them. Apparatus and materials: Apparatus I Quantity (s) I Container/tank 1 | 500 ml beaker 1 31 Thermometer | 1 | Stopwatch | 1 | Glass rod I II Fishnet | 1 | Table 2 shows the apparatus and its quantity needed in the experiment. Materials I Quantity (s) I Goldfish Ill Hot water I Less than 500 ml I Crushed ice I Half-filled beaker Plastic zip-lock bag | 1 | Masking tape (for labeling purpose) 1 | Table 3 shows the materials and its quantity needed in the experiment. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Biology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Biology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Biology specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Method: 1. Prepare 3 different 500 ml beakers and label them A, B and C for different temperatures of water each. 2. Remove a goldfish from the tank carefully using a fishnet and place it inside a plastic zip-lock bag containing half filled water from the same tank. 3. Fill beaker A with about 450 ml of water of room temperature and place the plastic zip-lock bag containing the goldfish in it slowly. Let the goldfish adjust to the water temperature and observe its propeller movement which opens and closes in rhythm with the opening and closing of the mouth. 4. Insert a thermometer inside the plastic zip-lock bag to measure its temperature and record it in a table. 5. Start the stopwatch and count the number of propeller movements of the goldfish for 1 minute timeshare. Conduct 2 more trials and record them in the data collection table. 6. Next prepare beaker B containing water and adjust its temperature to 10 degrees below the room temperature measured earlier by adding crushed ice and stirring it for uniform temperature. 7. Again, slowly add the plastic zip-lock bag containing the goldfish into the beaker and let it adjust to the new surrounding enrapture. Using a thermometer, make sure that the temperature of water inside the plastic zip-lock bag has fallen 10 degrees under the room temperature. 8. Repeat step 5. 9. Lastly, prepare beaker C which contains hot water and adjust its temperature until it reaches 10 degrees above the initial room temperature. Stir the water using a glass rod to ensure uniform temperature throughout the beaker. 10. Place the plastic zip-lock bag with the goldfish in beaker C and let it adjust itself to the new temperature of water.

When in Doubt, Leave Scare Quotes Out

When in Doubt, Leave Scare Quotes Out When in Doubt, Leave Scare Quotes Out When in Doubt, Leave Scare Quotes Out By Mark Nichol When quotation marks are employed to suggest the irony or dubious validity of a word or phrase, or the writer’s remove from credit or blame for its use, they are called scare quotes. However, other uses- to introduce a new or unfamiliar term, to signal that a term is not being used in its traditional or literal sense, or to provide emphasis- are usually heavy-handed and seldom aid in clarity of composition. The sentences below, accompanied by discussions and revisions, provide examples of extraneous use of scare quotes. 1. Next, we will discuss the so-called â€Å"high-impact, low-likelihood† risks. The phrase so-called serves the same function as scare quotes, so using both in a sentence is redundant: â€Å"Next, we will discuss the so-called high-impact, low-likelihood risks.† However, be just as cautious in the use of so-called as in employment of scare quotes; the term is rarely useful and therefore unlikely to be necessary. In this case, it would be better to identify who characterizes the risks that way (â€Å"Next, we will discuss what John Smith calls high-impact, low-likelihood risks†), to use passive construction to soften the introduction by writing something like â€Å"Next, we will discuss what are called high-impact, low-likelihood risks,† or to omit any qualification at all: â€Å"Next, we will discuss the high-impact, low-likelihood risks.† 2. Risk management should be an embedded process that ultimately becomes part of the company’s â€Å"DNA.† Here, DNA is being used figuratively to refer to something that is a fundamental part of an organization, but the fact that it is not being employed literally does not justify scare quotes; the metaphorical use is clear: â€Å"Risk management should be an embedded process that ultimately becomes part of the company’s DNA.† 3. It is imperative to understand â€Å"what to do† as well as â€Å"what not to do.† Although the phrases â€Å"what to do† and â€Å"what not to do† are being presented as categorical concepts conceivably spoken or written as part of an effort to inform, this usage does not merit any emphasis: â€Å"It is imperative to understand what to do as well as what not to do.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowFive Spelling Rules for "Silent Final E"Supervise vs. Monitor

Cryptology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cryptology - Assignment Example Hash functions are arguably the most important of all the encryption algorithms since they help in the prevention of external attacks. They are usually used in most of the applications that require very high security. They are also widely used in the specification of most communication protocols like IPsec and WAP. They typically serve message authentication codes and also help in provision of digital signatures or in some cases, they generate random numbers. MD5 and SHA-1 are the most common of the hash functions (Biham and Chen, 2004). MD5 Algorithm Data filling The MD5 algorithm usually adds the supplement immediately after inputting of the data thereby making the whole length of the mod 512=448. This can be represented as K*512+448 BITS WHERE K IS an integer. Add length Usually, a sixty four bit data b is used to dente the original length of the data while an independent b is used to two thirty two bit blocks. In the event that b>264, we will have to extend the length to multiple s of five hundred and twelve. This implies that the length will become times of sixteen double bytes. MD5 algorithm usually saves the data in an array. The syntax of such an array is given by M [0†¦N-1] Where N is in time of sixteen. Initialing of variables If four thirty two but variable named A, B, C, and D were to be defined, they would be initialized as A=0*01234567, B=0/889abcdef, C=0*fedcba98 and D=0*76543210. In this case, the data will be output in the same sequence that is, A, B, C, D. SHA-1 Algorithm This is also an important hash algorithm which is actually based on the MD4 principle. The algorithm actually produces 160 bit output which means that SHA-1 usually needs a set of five thirty two bit registers. However, the similarity between SHA-1 and MD5 is that both of them use a similar approach to message digesting. The SHA-1 algorithm has a total of four distinct rounds of iterative. Each of these rounds has its own twenty steps of operations. If you were to initial ize five variables namely A, B, C, D, and you would have:- A= 0x67452301 B=0xefcdab89 C=0x98badcfe D=0x10325476 E=0xc3d2e1f0 SHA-1 was traditionally thought to be the most secure hash algorithm and it is probably one of the main reasons why it is the current FIPS secure hash standard (Merkle,1990). Principle of operation of the two algorithms Generally the design of the hash algorithms is usually based on the Merkle-Damgard iterative structure. This is since the structure allows for arbitrary length in the messages that are sent. The hash algorithms typically work by dividing the input into different blocks of predetermined lengths. Each of the blocks that are formed is then affixed to the previous state using a form of a compression function in order to compute the updated state. This entire process is usually referred as chaining of a variable. After the processing of the message is completed, the output is given as the last step of the process. The state

Women in Mathematics, Science & Engineering Essay

Women in Mathematics, Science & Engineering - Essay Example Lewis (2011) documents 10 women who have made contributions to the field of mathematics for as early as 355 AD. These women include Hypatia of Alexandria (370 – 415 AD), a Greek philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, Elena Cornaro Piscopia (1646-1684) an Italian mathematician, theologian and Composer, Maria Agnesi (1718-1799) an Italian claimed to be the first woman university of mathematics. Others include,Sophie Germain (1776-1830) a French mathematician, Mary Fairfax Somerville (1780-1872) a Scottish and British mathematician also known as "Queen of Nineteenth Century Science," Ada Lovelace (1815-1852) a whose the Ada computer language after, Charlotte Angas Scott(1848-1931) an English, American mathematician and educator, Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850-1891) a Russian mathematician, Alicia Stott (1860-1940) an English mathematician and Amalie Emmy Noether (1882-1935) a German, Jewish, American mathematician (Etzkowitz, Kemelgor and Uzzi 45-100). Notably there are a number of wo men who have participated and made considerable contridutions in the field of sciences as early as the medieval age. Trotula di Ruggiero was the chair at the Medical School of Salerno in the 11th century. She has been credited in influential texts in obstetrics and gynecology (Leigh 65-80). Dorotea Bucca was also the chair of philosophy and medicine at the University of Bologna from 1390. Other women physicians from Italy included Abella, Jacobina Felicie, Alessandra Giliani, Rebecca de Guarna, Margarita, Mercuriade, Constance Calenda, and Calrice di Durisio among others. The participation and contribution of these Italian women physician was attributed to the liberal approach of the Italian Universities. Other notable achievements by women in science and physics in the nineteenth century include Florence Nightingale credited in pioneering nursing as a discipline; she was also a pioneer in public health and a statistician. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson was the first British woman with medical 1865. In America it was Elizabeth Blackwell. Astronomical photography was also pioneered by Annie Scott Dill Maunder. In the 20th century women notables in science include Marie Curie a Nobel price winner in Physics in 1903 (physics), and chemistry in 1911. In 1939, Lise Meitner credited for pioneering nuclear fission. Margaret Fountaine has made significant contributions in botany and entomology (Leigh 65-80). An analysis of female Nobel Prize laureates’ shows out of the fourty one women who have won the prestigious award between 1901 and 2010, sixteen of them have been in the field physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine (Ruth 100-150). Despite the above success stories there are several challenges that have inhibited women from pursuing Sciences and Mathematics. They include stereotypes, cultural practices, social prejudices, preferences and tastes, family orientation, the church etc. For instance St Thomas Aquinas was of the view that women were incapable of ho lding positions of authority, some cultures discourage women from participation in fields and activities regarded to as manly, some prejudices that a female is a weaker sex thus cannot comprehend technical aspects of science, there are workplace discrimination based on gender etc. (Ruth 100-150). 2.0 Challenges, issues and opportunities The issues of underrepresentation by women in sciences start early. In the US, girls account for athird of the students opting for physics at the high-school level. Those who secure placement in computer

Create an appropriate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Create an appropriate - Essay Example The term evidence refers to the act of proving that ones thinking or reasoning is not only correct but also sensible. It involves showing. therefore, in the context of one claiming to be knowing something, he or she should be able to provide adequate evidence about it what he or she claims to be knowing or else the claim that he or she has will only be looked upon has an statement with lack of fact in it or an opinion since that will only be considered as telling those involve what we think about (Ruggiero 1998). There are different kinds of evidence which include personal experience, which exist on our minds; the formal observation which involves detached observation whereby the observer does not participate but keeps a distance from the study and participant observation whereby the observer is directly involved and research review which is done one the already undertaken research by reviewers who summarize everything and compare their findings. There is great relationship between e vidence and opinion. An opinion is just but a mere statement from any persons point of view and therefore, in any case, for an opinion to be accepted and looked upon has correct, practical and worth being adopted, an evidence has to be provide to support that statement. Hence, a statement without evidence is an opinion but a statement with evidence is not an opinion. For example , if a father tells his son that he was a top achiever in academics during his time has a student, the child wont be satisfied with his fathers statement unless his father show him is academics reports showing his excellence (Ruggiero 1998). In this case, the father is giving a statement which remains to be an opinion in which the child may either agree with it or not but in the case of the providing evidence, which will be the report of his academic achievements, the child with the will automatically accept and acknowledge the fact and will he will definitely work hard to be like his father. Therefore, evid ence and opinion are closely related in terms of establishing the reality, acceptability and the truth. Opinion is therefore of greater value in terms of laying a platform for the provision of the evidence and finally at justifying that one knows (Ruggiero 1998). With regard to knowing, evidence plays a very critical and important role towards justify the fact a person knows some. One is said to know only after providing evidence which could be through the act of explaining what he or she says that he or she knows, through demonstrating, through replicating an acting and so on and all this are what are equated to the term evidence. For instance, when one claims to be knowing the spelling of the word embarrass he as to support his statement by giving an evidence which is the correct spelling of that very word without failure. Evidence provision is at times problematic due to the fact that opinions are not based on anything substantial and there are also different types of evidence wi n which in the case of presentation the receiver may not be aware of all of them which may cause a dispute. Therefore, in the presentation of the evidence, the presenter is required to be well

Auto Cad And STAAD Pro

Auto Cad And STAAD Pro This chapter gives an insight into the topics involved in this dissertation, it starts with a review of the key items involved to complete this project such as the programs used to design and analyze the structure as in Auto cad, and STAAD pro. The chapter further develops in reviewing the euro codes in which the building will be designed to. Auto Cad This is a design and documentation software program that was founded in 1982, 28years ago. It is the most commonly used piece of software of its kind and it is constantly being enhanced and improving its software to meet the current needs of its users. It is used for drawing objects to a very high degree of precision in either 2D or 3D format using polar coordinates. Almost any object conceivable like the 3D model shown in figure 2.7 can be produced on todays Auto cad thanks to its extensive array of tools and when trained, easy to use interface. Its tool base may be used in both the 2D and 3D formats, some of the basic tools include, line, circle, arc, break, extend, mirror and copy. These are only a small fraction of the features of Auto cad, which make it possible to create and change or redesign models of any shape and complexity, in a relatively short period of time as compared to drawing by hand or using other software programs such as STAAD pro. This is the reason why auto cad was used to detail the design rather than STAAD pro because of its ease of use and the complexity of the design and then inputted into the STAAD pro software for the analysis. STAAD Pro This is a finite element analysis and design software program run on windows operating systems, which is used to analyse the structural stability of structures, under a variety of conditions. It allows the users to effectively analyse structures built from a number of different materials such as, timber, concrete, aluminium and steel, under different forces caused by, earthquake, soil interaction, and various dead loads and live loads, which are specified by the local design codes being used in whatever location the structure is being design, in this case Eurocodes. It is a very versatile piece of software that has being perfected over the past 25 years, it reduces the amount of man hours required to correctly analyse how a structure will behave when loaded using either 2D/3D model generation. The general steps involved in producing a successful model are as follows: Model generation: creating the structure model in either 2D or 3D which could involve importing an Auto Cad files and then choosing the material type and size for the members, applying a foundation types to correct locations and specifying loads and forces on the model. Calculations:-to obtain the analytical results. Code check:- creating parameters for design specification Running analysis:-to perform analysis and design. Verification of results:-displayed through graphs, diagrams and tables. Reporting and printing. Eurocodes: This chapter is intended to provide a brief introduction into the eurocodes. It will list the benefits, the problems, associated with the codes. It describes the general layout of the codes and discusses the difficulties with the drafting of the codes and how the difficulties were resolved, the national annex and their roles will also be discussed. It will advance to describe in detail to list the difference between the previous BS 8110 and the contents of Part 1.1 of Eurocode 2, which has superseded the above British standard. And will be the main eurocode used to design this concrete structure. The eurocodes are set of ten codes of practice for the design of building and civil engineering structures in concrete, steel, timber, masonry other building materials Table 2.1 lists these eurocode there titles and reference numbers. Similar to the previous codes of practice the British standards these codes come in a number of different parts, each containing different rules to the design of the different structures included in the codes. Table 2.1 EN1991 provides the characteristic values of the loads or actions as termed in the code, needed for the design. It is the head code of the world fist material independent design code providing guidance on determining the design value of actions and combination of actions, including partial safety factors for the actions. EN 1997 covers the foundation design with respect to the geotechnical side. EN1998 is devoted to the seismic design and provides guidance on achieving earthquake resistance in buildings and structures. These Eurocodes will have the same legal standing as the previous British standards and other approved documents. These codes were published first as preliminary standards; know as ENV (Norme Vornorme Europeenne), in the beginning of 1992. Now after being revised reissued as European standards, known as EN (Norme Europeenne), along with national annex which contains supplementary information, are coinciding with British standards but will eventually become mandatory and all conflicting standards will be withdrawn as in the British standards. Benefits of Eurocodes. There are many advantages of having design standards which are accepted by all member states how ever this is not a new initiative as the first draft Eurocode 2 for concrete structures was based on the CEB (Comite Europeen du Beton) Model Code of 1978 produced by a number of experts from various European countries, similarly Eurocode 3 was based on the 1977 Recommendations for design of steel structures published by ECCS (European Conventional for Constructional Steelwork). The original reason for this work was to improve the science of structural design. Recently though the drive is for political and economic unification of countries and these Eurocodes will help to lower the trade restrictions and barriers which exist between member states and allow for contractors and consultants to compete freely and fairly for work within Europe. Also the unification will enable products, materials, components, design programs to be marketed throughout member states. It will also improve interna tional standing of European engineers which should help in increasing their chances of wining work abroad. Prooduction of Eurocodes: Each Eurocode has been drafted by a team of experts from different member states. These groups are under contract to the CEN (Comite Europeen de Normalisation), the European standards organisation, whose members are the national standards bodies as in the British Standards Institute in the UK. During the ENV stage of production a liaision engineer from each member state was involved in evaluating the final document and discussing with the drafting team the acceptability of the eurocode in relation to the previous national code. Format of Codes: Problems associated with drafting the Eurocodes. There were many problems faced when the Eurocodes were being drafted mainly being the terminology that was to be used, different climate conditions, materials and different work practices from the different member states. The following details outline ways in which these problems were overcome. Terminology From the beginning it was inevitable that the terminology would have to be standardised in general the agreed terminology was found to be similar to that used in the UK national standards. The few minor differences include loads are now called actions while dead loads live loads are now referred to as permanent and variable actions respectively. Similarly bending moments axial loads are now called internal moments and internal forces respectively. Principles Application Rules This was the method used to divide the documents into sections ensuring documents were concise, described the overall aims of the design provided specific guidance as to how these aims can be achieved in practice. Principles comprise of general statements, definitions, requirements and models for which no alteration is allowed. Application Rules are generally recognised rules which follow the statements satisfy the requirements given in the principles. When the letter P is missing from the clause number it indicates an application rule. The use of alternate rules other than that in the eurocodes is permitted as long as hey do not effect the design requirements and are at least equivalent to those suggested. National Annexes Differences in work practices, climate conditions etc required the allowance for different parameters to be determined and specified at a national level such as safety factors, cover particular methods of construction etc. where these deviations are allowed a note in the code is provided in the accompanying annex, these parameters are know as NDPs (Nationally Determined Parameters). Eurocodes 2: Design of concrete structures. This will be the main Eurocode used to design this structure as the build will be mainly concrete this code is to replace the previous code of practice BS8110 and it is the European standard for the design of buildings in concrete, although the ultimate aim of Eurocode 2 and BS 8110 is largely the same to provide guidance on the design of buildings and civil engineering works in concrete, there are many new design procedures and differences, it is based on a limit state principles and comes in four parts as shown below in table 2.3 Liquid retaining containment structures Part 1.1 of Eurocode 2gives a general basis for design of structures and some detailing rules very similar to the previous BS8110, the design cannot not be completed without using reference to other documents such as EN 1990 (Eurocode 0) and Eurocode 1 to determine design values of actions (loads), Part 1.2 of Eurocode 2 for fire design, EN 206 for durability design Eurocode 7 for foundation design. The reason for this difference in structure and layout is to make the eurocodes more concise than BS 8110 and avoid repetition. Proposed Design: In the design process a number of different designs were considered and working with the requirements of the structure the most suitable one was chosen these requirements were as follows: Design a suitable multi-storey building containing retail units and accommodation units. The structure should be designed and built to modern codes of practice and standards. The building must be of modern aesthetics and be unique to surrounding buildings. Also the structure should fit the following criteria: Retail Floor Space ; between 1500 4000m2 Accommodation Space ; between 10000 30000m2 Maximum Footprint ; between 1500 3500m2 Maximum Height of Building; 40m. The following designs were considered and compared when choosing the final design. Proposal One; Retail space = 3161m2 Accommodation space = 11718m2 Footprint = 3161m2 Provision for lateral stability and vertically stability is provided by concrete columns and shear walls/shear cores within the structure. Proposal Two; Retail space = 2001m2 Accommodation space = 11674m2 Footprint = 2001m2 Provision for lateral stability and vertically stability is provided by concrete columns and shear walls/shear cores within the structure. Proposal Three; Retail space = 1558m2 Accommodation space = 28451m2 Footprint = 1558m2 Provision for lateral stability and vertically stability is provided by concrete columns and shear walls/shear cores within the structure. Chosen design: The design in proposal two was chosen finally because when it was compared with the other designs it was decided that it was more astethic than proposal three because of its falling design, it was then compared with design one and it was not considered to be more asthetic but it did accomodate the footprint requirments and space requirments better than proposal one did. Materials Methods: Elevator Elevator Shaft; The elevator shaft will provide latheral stability for the building and will direct forces into the ground, it will span from the base to the roof in each of the four shafts. There will be four elevator shafts positioned in the centre of each external face of the building, providing ease of acess to each floor. Each one will be of dimensions 3 x 2m and will utilise a electric cable borne method for lifting and will travel at a max speed of 2.5m/s. Each elevator will be able to accomondate a max of 10 peolple at a time. Latheral Stability: The elevator shafts incorporadted in this design provide for latheral stability caused by wind loads, these loads are created by the wind force on acting on the external face of the building transmiting the loads to the floor, these floors form horizontal diaghragms transfering the latheral load to the vertical rigid elevator shaft which acts as a vertical cantillever and subsequently transfers the loads to the foundations. The advantage of using the elevator shaft to provide lateral stability is that concrete walls tend to be thiner than other bracing systems used in medium sized multistorey construction and so save space in congested areas also they are very rigid and may be used as fire compartment walls, the disadvantge of using the elevator shaft for latheral stability is that construction is slower and less accurate and when constructed they are not easily modified, also it is difficult to provide connection between steel and concrete. Procedure STAAD Pro 1.1 Importing drawing Now that both the model had being created and the loads calculated, it was now time for the analysis of the model. To achieve this, first the model had to be imported into STAAD pro, this was done by saving the model in Auto cad as a R12/LT2 DXF file, which is compatible with STAAD pro, and then opening a new structure sheet in STAAD pro and using the import function located in the file drop down menu. When importing the file the following two pop up windows will appear shown in figure1.1 and figure 1.2, these let you define the orientation and units you want to analyse your model in. For the structure model meters and kilo Newton were chosen with a standard orientation of the Y axis pointing upward. After that the model will appear on the main STAAD Pro interface as shown in figure 1.3. As can be seen from figure 1.3, STAAD Pro has a vast array of tools and functions that make it possible not only to, analyse almost any structure in almost any situation, but also to draw structures. For simple structures it would be worth while using STAAD Pro, however for more complicated structures it is better to use Auto cad, because it is specifically tailored for drawing almost any structure or object with ease, for the trained user. Now that the model was now in STAAD pro, it was now time to proceed with further developing the model for analysis. On the left hand side of the main window containing the model, there is a tool bar called modelling, this toolbar contains functions for modifying the model, like design, support, general, load, material etc. 1.2 Adding supports For the model, supports were required at every base node position. To achieve this, the support window was selected from the general toolbar, figure 7.5 shows the window that pops up for adding support to your structure. For this model fiixed support was required so the create button was selected, and fixed support in the sub menu was chosen as shown in figure 1.4. Now that the option for fixed support was now in our main support window, it was now time to apply the support. STAAD pro gives you a number of different options of assigning the support, like, assign to view, use cursor to assign and assign to edit list, and assign to select nodes. First the node function was selected from the cursor toolbar as shown in figure 1.6, this option allows you only to selected nodes and not beams. When this was done, the bottom layer of nodes on the model, were select and the assign to selected nodes function was used. Now fixed support were applied to the model in the correct position as shown in figure 1.7, and it was time to proceed with the next step. 7.3 Member selection From the general toolbar, the properties window was selected. From here you can assign any style of member in accordance with many different regions building codes using the section database function, and apply any number of different sections to different members in the same model. You may also design the dimensions as in this case a 300mm by 280mm rectangular concrete section was chosen for the beam and a 300mm by 300mm concrete section for the column was detailed. Once selected, the section chosen appears in the properties window, and from here you are given the same option as applying support i.e. (assign to view, use cursor to assign and assign to edit list, and assign to select beams). First the beam function from the cursor toolbar was chosen, this allows you to only select beams and not nodes. Then the columns were assigned using the same process with the different section assigned, figure 1.9 shows the model with the beams and columns applied. Now that this was completed it was now time to move on to applying the various loads to the model. 7.4 Applying loads Loads are used to estimate how a structure will behave if constructed. Since the loads had being previous calculated with the aid of eourcodes, it was now possible to apply them to the structure. In the general toolbar, the load window was selected, from here all types of load may be applied to the structure, for the dome the loads calculated were, dead load, live load, and wind load. From the load window, the load cases icon was selected, a pop up window as shown in figure 1.10 was activated. From here all the three types of loads were identified and added to the main load window. Each load name was then picked individually by used of a pop up window known as load items which is shown in figure 1.11 and the specific load applied. Now that the loads had being picked and values assigned to them in the appropriate direction, it was now time to apply the loads to the model. In the load window the same options exist as for the support and properties window for applying items to the model, for the dead and imposed load, the assign to view function was used. For the wind load only the side facing the wind is loaded, so the node cursor was selected from the cursor toolbar and all the nodes on wind facing side of the structure was selected as shown in figure 1.12. 7.5 Running analyse First the analysis/print toolbar was selected from the modelling menu, which resulted in two windows being activated, the print analysis commands window and analysis whole structure window, which are shown in figure 1.13. In the analysis commands window the no print option was selected and added to the analysis whole structure window, which shows the processes involved in the analysis. After this was completed the analyse toolbar located at the top of the user face was selected, and the run analyse option selected as shown circled in red in figure 1.14. After the analysis in completed a window the STAAD analysis and design window shows the processes carried out and whether there are any errors or warnings related to the model. Any problems relating to the model may be checked by selecting the errors or warning in the window, and the exact problems with the members they are related to, will be displayed. Figure 7.15, shows the final analysis of the dome model which took 16 seconds with no errors or warnings, after all the errors and warnings were corrected. 7.6 Post processing On the bottom left of the STAAD analysis and design window, there is a set of options on where to go after the analysis, the go to Post Processing Mode option was selected and done button pressed. Form here, the post processing window as shown in figure 7.16 the results of the analysis may be viewed for both the beams and the nodes. Graphs and reaction tables along with visual representation can be viewed for the nodes, showing things like the max displacement of a node. Stresses, graphs and forces can be viewed for beams showing such things as max axial forces, max bending, max shear and max stresses. 7.7 Producing reports The number of results including structure type, No. of nodes, No of members etc can be put into a report format. This is a useful tool for an engineer to document any findings to produce to clients or planners, an example of a node report for the dome is shown in figure 1.17.

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: Realism :: Glass Menagerie essays

The Realistic Feel of The Glass Menagerie Tom Williams in the play The Glass Menagerie writes about a time when his family struggles.   Many people can relate their problems one way or another with Williams.   Though the play had a very realistic feel to it, many people enjoy fairytale endings. The play is very well written, but I would change the ending.  Ã‚   The ending was depressing.  Ã‚   The whole family worked so hard on preparing for the gentleman caller.   Amanda, Tom's mother completely redecorated their home and picked out beautiful clothes for Laura and herself.   The whole play led up to this moment, of Laura meeting a nice gentleman caller.   Conveniently it was the boy she had a crush on all through high school.  Ã‚   Whom, she always fantasized about being with.   At first it seemed he was interested in her also.   They should have had him and Laura become romantically involved.   Eventually get married and have kids.   This would have been a much happier ending.   Not only would Laura be happy, but Amanda and Tom would be too.   Amanda would finally not have to worry about her daughter anymore, because she would be taken care of.   Tom would be happy because he too, would no longer have to worry about his sister.   This is more l ike a fairy tale ending, but it would have been much more interesting and inspiring if Laura did become married to the gentlemen caller.   Laura had such a rough time with her life, this would have given her hope that she never had. The entire play is a family struggling which can be compared to many of our own lives.   The play isn't fantasy like at all.   It is realistic, and that's what is good about it.   Tom was struggling to taking care of his mother and sister, which can be compared, to the way families live today.   Laura is disabled and very insecure of it.   Amanda is just like any mother, she tries hard to help her children have a secure future.   Another hardship for Tom and his family is that their father is no longer in the picture.   He abandoned the children at a very young age.   These examples can be compared to our own lives.   Instead of the play being about people with no problems, it's about "real people."   Everyone has problems and struggles, maybe not exactly as Tom's family does, but we can relate with similar problems.

What Drives Romeo’s Actions

What drives Romeo and his actions? Emotions can take over both your mind and your heart. For some, they tend to let their feelings get the best of them, therefore causing someone to do things because of how they feel. There are many examples for this in Romeo and Juliet but one stands out more than others, the character of Romeo. â€Å"Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? †(Act 2, scene 2, 33), Juliet asks this question, and it might get one thinking what kind of man is Romeo and what drives him and his actions.Romeo is a very passionate teenager who is driving by his emotions. He falls instantly in love with Juliet, just by looking at her. His shows his anger when he kills Tybalt, and Paris. Finally, his emotions push him to commit suicide. Romeo falls head over heels for Juliet the moment she steps foot into the ball. Once he lays eyes on her, he forgets about his pains and only thinks of her, and how beautiful she is. â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight ! / For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night† (Act 1, Scene 5, 52-53), Romeo claims Juliet is the perfect girl.He instantly falls in love based on her beauty. Love definitely drove his actions. Anger is also an emotion that drives Romeo, especially when he kills both Tybalt, and Paris. That late thou gavest me; for Mercutio’s soulIs but a little way above our beads, Staying for thine to keep him company. Either thou, or 1, or both, must go with him (Act 3, Scene 1, 125-128) However, even if wanting to kill Tybalt is out of anger, there is still some love, in his reasoning.Romeo truly cared about Mercutio, and when Tybalt kills him, Romeos emotions get the best of him once again. He doesn’t really think of the consequences of his actions, and killing Tybalt is a decision that was mad in a second. Emotions are definitely presents when Romeo kills himself. â€Å"Here’s to my love! O true apothecary! /they drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. â €  Romeo is only thinking about his love for Juliet at this point. Not realising he has so much to live for, and that Juliet isn’t really dead.All he wants is to be with her forever. Romeo is a young man, who is driven by emotions, and most of the time that emotions is love. He is very passionate and tends to listen to his heart, and not think before he does things. Whether it’s falling instantly in love with Juliet, killing people of anger, or killing himself, Romeo always lets his emotions drive him. Sometimes it can be a good thing, but when it comes down to it he’s emotions make him do something without thinking. What Drives Romeo’s Actions What drives Romeo and his actions? Emotions can take over both your mind and your heart. For some, they tend to let their feelings get the best of them, therefore causing someone to do things because of how they feel. There are many examples for this in Romeo and Juliet but one stands out more than others, the character of Romeo. â€Å"Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? †(Act 2, scene 2, 33), Juliet asks this question, and it might get one thinking what kind of man is Romeo and what drives him and his actions.Romeo is a very passionate teenager who is driving by his emotions. He falls instantly in love with Juliet, just by looking at her. His shows his anger when he kills Tybalt, and Paris. Finally, his emotions push him to commit suicide. Romeo falls head over heels for Juliet the moment she steps foot into the ball. Once he lays eyes on her, he forgets about his pains and only thinks of her, and how beautiful she is. â€Å"Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight ! / For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night† (Act 1, Scene 5, 52-53), Romeo claims Juliet is the perfect girl.He instantly falls in love based on her beauty. Love definitely drove his actions. Anger is also an emotion that drives Romeo, especially when he kills both Tybalt, and Paris. That late thou gavest me; for Mercutio’s soulIs but a little way above our beads, Staying for thine to keep him company. Either thou, or 1, or both, must go with him (Act 3, Scene 1, 125-128) However, even if wanting to kill Tybalt is out of anger, there is still some love, in his reasoning.Romeo truly cared about Mercutio, and when Tybalt kills him, Romeos emotions get the best of him once again. He doesn’t really think of the consequences of his actions, and killing Tybalt is a decision that was mad in a second. Emotions are definitely presents when Romeo kills himself. â€Å"Here’s to my love! O true apothecary! /they drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. â €  Romeo is only thinking about his love for Juliet at this point. Not realising he has so much to live for, and that Juliet isn’t really dead.All he wants is to be with her forever. Romeo is a young man, who is driven by emotions, and most of the time that emotions is love. He is very passionate and tends to listen to his heart, and not think before he does things. Whether it’s falling instantly in love with Juliet, killing people of anger, or killing himself, Romeo always lets his emotions drive him. Sometimes it can be a good thing, but when it comes down to it he’s emotions make him do something without thinking.

Prove cathartic Essays

Prove cathartic Essays Prove cathartic Paper Prove cathartic Paper Aristotle wrote in Poetics that tragedy should contain incidents arousing pity and fear and thus prove cathartic for an audience. To what extent does the plot of Arthur Millers play, All My Sons allow for this? Arthur Miller (1915-2005) in All My Sons (1947), journeys the key concept of catharsis through the intricate character of Joe Keller; our tragic hero and his hubris flaw, the concept of Hamartia, the generating of pathos through language and most importantly the formula of tragedy, described by Aristotle, bringing about catharsis. All My Sons starts at the end of summer in suburban America, after World War Two. The events of the play, described by Miller, occur on a single set, the backyard of the Keller home, a secluded atmosphere, considerably the American Dream. Furthermore there stands the stump of an apple tree, as its trunk and branches lie toppled beside it1. Miller here, emotionally engages us into the play with the use of pathetic fallacy, increasing our emotions by building tension and giving opportunity to the futures of tragedy. The audience no longer feel safe behind the American Dream but instead are presented with a faade of respect, somewhere much sinister , preparing the audience for the upcoming tragedy. Miller uses this same technique again when Joe Keller, our protagonist, notifies: Gonna rain tonight. 2 Miller builds fear in the audience, suggesting something unpleasant about to happen. Nevertheless as the audience learn more about Joe Keller, we see that he is an ego-centric man, whose mental attitude does not go beyond his own sphere. Where society is dysfunctional, Kellers choice simply remains to ignore them and their changing platforms: heres a guy is lookin for two Newfoundland dogs. Now whats he want with two Newfoundland dogs? . The audience in turn pity for Kellers character, understanding his lack of knowledge in relation to the macrocosm therefore leading us towards what may be a cathartic experience. Perhaps different audiences react differently to Keller as a character. It is debatable that Keller does not understand the subtleties of life because he is lazy, selfish and his outlook is materialistic, therefore perchance building exasperation in the audience and receiving no compassion. Or perhaps as an audience we become harsh and forget to realise that Joe Keller is financially comfortable. But beyond this the audience still pity Kellers inertia as he struggles to move on. Similarly Kate Keller cannot move beyond the inertia she is trapped within. She is in denial about Larrys death which has driven her to spirituality, her emotional crutch: Hes not dead, so theres no argument! 4 This makes the audience pity her sub-conscious state and empathise with her hope for Larrys return. It could be argued as to what extent we can cope with her denial and her rejection of reality. Progression sees Miller introduce us to the bliss of hope, this is important to the cathartic journey, as we hope for some re-alignment of morality or achievement of justice. Hope is first presented through Frank Lubey, a superstitious character, who brings us closer towards catharsis through the melancholic life he lives and the hope he brings within the play for fellow characters, besides the hope the audience already bear: (Looks up at the sky) These stage directions are evidence of Franks hope and transcendence into a world of his own. Nevertheless, Chris Keller is a warm man who cares for his father and becomes Millers mouthpiece in demonstrating the world beyond the Keller home. He strives for independence and security but constantly gets held back from his parents and is put into an inertia of his own: every time I reach out for something I want, I have to pull back because other people will suffer. 5 This is part of Millers plot where pathos allows the audience to feel emotions of pity evoked by Chriss helplessness and thus prove cathartic. The audience also fear as to what step Chris might take in the future because of his suffering: Ill get out. Ill get married and live some place else. Maybe in New York. 6 The audience also empathise with Chris, as the family secret prevents him from breaking free and therefore the audience hope for Chris life to be re-aligned and end happily with his marriage to Ann. However this news arouses trepidation in the audience and characters because they do not understand as to how Kate might react because of her fragile state and her stubborn will. This is evident through Kellers dialogue and Millers apprehensive language: Well, you want to be sure Mother isnt going to -7. At the very end of Act One the audience are left feeling a strong sense of fear for Joe Keller when he is made aware of George Deevers return. The audience understand Kellers vulnerability and his lack in understanding the complexities of life therefore he sees no harm in Georges return, but is it debateable as to whether Keller might know how much of a risk it could be on a sub-conscious level and as to what George might be here for? Miller has made this is evident through the stage directions, exemplifying the fear: (frightened, but angry): Yes, Im sure. The fear left with the audience to experience at the end of Act One becomes pivotal in the role of experiencing catharsis. Miller has instantaneously given us the opportunity to empathise with the characters and in turn fear for them thus we are given a sense of foreboding, vital for ultimately experiencing catharsis in any tragedy. In the opening stage directions of Act Two Miller, again, uses pathetic fallacy to suggest the progression in the plot and perhaps the catastrophe still to come suggested metaphorically by Miller: leaving stump standing alone 9 Though as the play progresses a growing sense of anxiety is created in the audience by Miller. We can see this through Sue Bayliss a character chosen by Miller to represent the wider community. This lets the audience fear even more for Joe Keller as a character because it becomes apparent that not everybody overlooks his guilt: Theres not a person on the block who doesnt know the truth. 10 In Act Two Miller finally decides to present a rush of emotions which soon psychologically engage the audience as well as the characters Chris, Ann and George. Millers use of short, forceful sentences build tension and anxiety in the audience that we soon become eager to reach some sort of resolution, where inner peace can be found. This is witnessed through Georges dialogue and we soon learn to identify with Georges character because we recognize his impatience to reach a cathartic ending: But the morning passed. No sign of Joe. So Dad called again. 11 Georges transcendental state also suggests trouble constructing an impression of fear upon the audience: (Calling as George pays no attention ). Considering Georges character we could deduce that he is a caricature used by Miller to start the tragedy and thus the journey to catharsis. After the anxiety we experience, Kates sudden entrance to the involvement of catharsis builds tension and hope for resolution. But then Miller entraps us into a network of terror once more when Kate slips her tongue disproving Kellers alibi, this brings hope for Chris and George as we, the audience, hope that they will find out the truth and move on out of the inertia: He hasnt been laid up in fifteen years.

Quotes from Anti-Slavery Activist Angelina Grimké

Quotes from Anti-Slavery Activist Angelina Grimkà © Angelina Grimkà © and her older sister Sarah Moore Grimkà © were born to a slaveholding family in Americas South. They became Quakers, and then became antislavery and womens rights speakers and activists - in fact, they were the only white Southern women known to be part of the abolitionist movement. Grimkà ©s family was prominent in Charleston, South Carolina, society, and were major slaveholders. Angelina was the youngest of fourteen siblings and was always closest with her older sister, Sarah, who was thirteen years older than her. As a teenager, she began her first anti-slavery activities by teaching her familys slaves about religion. Her faith became a major part of the foundation of her abolitionist views, believing that slavery was an un-Christian and immoral institution, although other Christians of her time had found Bible verses and interpretations that they could claim supported slavery. Because of the way that her fellow Presbyterian endorsed slavery, Grimkà ©s abolitionist beliefs were not welcomed, and she was expelled from the church in 1829. She became a Quaker instead, and realizing that she would never be able to change the beliefs of Southern slaveowners, she and Sarah moved to Philadelphia. Even the Quakers slow reform proved too gradual for Angelina, and she became involved in the radical abolition movement. Among her most famous published letters was An Appeal to the Christian Women of the South, published in 1836 to try to persuade Southern women of the evils of slavery. She and her sister Sarah both became abolitionist speakers throughout New England, sparking new discussions (and controversies) about womens rights as well as abolition. In February 1838, Angelina addressed the Massachusetts State Legislature, defending the abolition movement and womens rights to petition and becoming the first American woman to address a legislative assembly. Her lectures drew some criticism, as she pointed out that passive complicity, not just active slave-owning, propped up the institution of slavery, but she was generally respected for her eloquence and persuasiveness. Even after Grimkà ©s health declined in later years, she still corresponded with activist friends and continued her activities on a smaller, more personal scale. Selected Angelina Grimkà © Quotations I recognize no rights but human rights I know nothing of mens rights and womens rights; for in Christ Jesus there is neither male nor female. It is my solemn conviction that, until this principal of equality is recognized and embodied in practice, the church can do nothing effectual for the permanent reformation of the world.Women ought to feel a particular sympathy in the colored mans wrong, for, like him, she has been accused of mental inferiority, and denied the privileges of a liberal education....thou art blind to the danger of marrying a woman who feels and acts out the principle of equal rights...Hitherto, instead of being a help meet to man, in the highest, noblest sense of the term, as a companion, a co-worker, an equal; she has been a mere appendage of his being, an instrument of his convenience and pleasure, the pretty toy with which he whiled away his leisure moments, or the pet animal whom he humored into playfulness and submission.Abolitionists never sought place or po wer. All they asked was freedom; all they wanted was that the white man should take his foot off the negros neck. Slavery always has, and always will, produce insurrections wherever it exists, because it is a violation of the natural order of things.My friends, it is a fact that the South has incorporated slavery into her religion; that is the most fearful thing in this rebellion. They are fighting, verily believing that they are doing God service.I know you do not make the laws, but I also know that you are the wives and mothers, the sisters and daughters, of those who do.If a law commands me to sin I will break it; if it calls me to suffer, I will let it take its course unresistingly. Selected Sources Grimkà ©, Angelina (1836). An Appeal to Christian Women of the South. http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abesaegat.html Grimkà ©, Angelina (1837). Letter to Catharine Beecher.  Quoted in American Political Thought: New York: W.W. Norton, 2009. Grimkà ©, Sarah Moore (1838).  Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman: Addressed to Mary S. Parker. Archive.org. Weld, Theodore Dwight, Grimkà ©, Angelina, Sarah Grimkà © (1839). American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/weld/weld.html

The Rise of China on the Current World Order Essay

The Rise of China on the Current World Order - Essay Example The Rise of China on the Current World Order The fact that a majority of major economic powers hold strong preference for the current world order should not be surprising because of the lessons learnt from the disturbances in the 20th century that shook international politics, causing a rise of new institutional arrangements. As such, even before the end of World War II, there were efforts aimed at creating world constitutional order. America and other industrialised countries have entered into an age where they experience profound transformation since the international economy emerged in the period around the 17th and 18th centuries. The rise of the Asian economy, specifically China, has greatly influenced international affairs. In fact, Lampton (2008) notes that China’s re-emergence as a key world economic and political actor has received much recognition globally. The size of China’s market and its integration into the world economy has been a source of many opportunities and uncertainties at equal measures. There have been concerns regarding its currency, global trade and appetite for energy (Bergsten, Freeman, Lardy & Mitchell, 2008). Furthermore, concerns have been raised with regards to China’s policies on finance, resource management, food security and commodity prices as affecting millions of people outside its boundaries. In fact, Xing compares it to America’s â€Å"erstwhile role† making it an â€Å"indispensable country† (2010, n.p.). Therefore, the rise of China would definitely have a negative impact on the current world order.

Sap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sap - Essay Example That is what kind of approach to procuring will be suitable for the organization. Approaches that can be used include group related, plant-specific or enterprise related. Group related approach is one where the organization is responsible for all company codes in a client. Enterprise related is responsible for one company code. Plant specific is one where purchasing organization is responsible for one plant. Defining purchasing organizations helps in availing of the conditions and contractual agreements contained in the reference purchasing booklet. This agreements act as a guide on the relationship between the purchasing organization and the company. SAP ERP offers a lot of possibilities in procurement services. It has an increased importance for companies and individual business departments. The first importance is that SAP ERP has enabled the integration of processes that business department have had to bear. Assign purchasing organization to company code: This involves assigning a unique number to the company. You can either use the transaction O*01 or goto IMG and select among the options. The following options may be included: Assign standard purchasing organization to plant: This involves defining one plant where several purchasing organizations procure as standard plant. Reasons being to enable the system to automatically utilize this standard purchasing organizations. Assign purchase organization to reference purchase organization: This step involves making appropriate settings to enable the purchasing staff to incorporate conditions and contract release orders for a cross-purchasing-organization basis. Contracts can be accessed by several purchasing organizations. Other purchasing organizations can use the conditions of reference of other purchasing organizations. â€Å"When configuring the SAP enterprise structure for procurement I would advise companies with more than one legal entity (=